Promotional Products: The Strategic Guide to Driving Brand Awareness
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Unlike fleeting advertisements, promotional items provide lasting visibility. The recipient becomes a free brand ambassador, helping extend your marketing efforts’ reach. Moreover, they allow for personalisation and creativity, enabling businesses to connect meaningfully with recipients. With careful product selection and messaging tailored to business goals, promotional products can boost brand recall, increase customer retention, and motivate sales teams.
Understanding Promotional Products
Promotional products are branded items distributed to promote a business, organisation, or cause. These tangible marketing tools serve multiple functions: they increase brand visibility, reinforce company messaging, and create positive associations that digital advertising alone cannot achieve.
The promotional products industry continues to thrive because these items provide lasting value. According to industry research, promotional products are kept for an average of 5.4 months, with valuable items like bags retained for 6.7 months, generating over 1,000 monthly brand impressions.
What Are Promotional Products?
Unlike traditional advertising that disappears after viewing, promotional products provide ongoing brand exposure through daily use. Examples include branded pens, mugs, t-shirts, tote bags, and technology accessories. The key differentiator is utility—the most effective promotional items solve real problems or provide genuine value to recipients.
Modern promotional strategies go beyond basic branded merchandise. Today’s successful campaigns integrate physical products with digital experiences, using QR codes, NFC technology, and social media integration to create comprehensive marketing ecosystems.
Why Promotional Products Work
The effectiveness of promotional products stems from fundamental psychological principles that influence consumer behaviour:
- Reciprocity Principle: People feel compelled to reciprocate when they receive something of value. This psychological tendency, embedded in human behaviour through evolution, makes promotional products powerful tools for encouraging customer engagement and purchases.
- Sense of Accomplishment: Receiving promotional items at events or after completing actions gives participants a tangible reward for their time and effort. This positive association strengthens the connection between your brand and positive experiences.
- Frequent Exposure: The Advertising Specialities Impressions Study demonstrates that promotional products generate repeated brand exposure over months. A daily branded water bottle creates hundreds of micro-interactions with your brand, reinforcing recognition and recall.
- Sensory Engagement: Physical products engage multiple senses—touch, sight, and sometimes smell or taste. This multi-sensory experience creates stronger memories and emotional connections than digital advertisements alone.
How Promotional Products Work

The mechanics of promotional product effectiveness operate on multiple levels, from individual psychology to market dynamics. Understanding these mechanisms allows businesses to design more effective campaigns.
The Psychology Behind Promotional Products
- Freudian Marketing Theory: Sigmund Freud’s research reveals that unconscious needs drive purchasing decisions. Physical promotional products engage senses that create emotional responses and memories, establishing connections with your brand before conscious purchase decisions occur.
- Empathy and Visualisation: When potential customers see others using promotional products, they naturally visualise themselves using similar items. This empathetic response is potent when demonstrated during product presentations or networking events.
- Brand Recall Enhancement: Physical items create anchor points in memory. When recipients encounter your brand name elsewhere, the promotional product they own reinforces recognition and credibility.
How to Use Promotional Products Effectively
Effective promotional product campaigns require strategic planning and execution. The most successful approaches integrate these items into broader marketing objectives rather than treating them as standalone tactics.
- Define Clear Objectives: Before selecting products, establish specific goals. Are you aiming to generate leads, increase brand awareness, reward loyalty, or support a product launch? Your objective determines product choice, distribution method, and success metrics.
- Know Your Audience: Effective promotional campaigns begin with deep audience understanding. Research your target recipients’ preferences, daily challenges, and lifestyle needs. Promotional items that solve a real problem will be retained and used, maximising brand exposure.
- Time Distribution Strategically: Coordinate promotional product distribution with broader marketing campaigns, seasonal opportunities, and industry events. A branded umbrella distributed before winter weather provides immediate utility and positive brand association.
- Integrate with Digital Touchpoints: Modern promotional strategies connect physical items to digital experiences. QR codes, custom URLs, and social media hashtags transform promotional products into multi-channel marketing tools.
Promotional Product Categories: Finding the Perfect Brand Ambassador
Promotional products span various categories, each serving different marketing objectives and audience needs. The key to success is matching the right product category to your goals, target audience, and brand identity. Here’s a comprehensive breakdown of the most effective categories for Northern Ireland businesses:
Branded Apparel: Walking Billboards
Branded apparel transforms recipients into walking advertisements for your business. This category includes:
- T-shirts and Polo Shirts: Casual, versatile options ideal for events and team uniforms
- Hats and Caps: High-visibility items with excellent branding space
- Hoodies and Sweatshirts: Comfortable options with high perceived value
- Custom Jackets: Premium promotional items with exceptional impact
Custom Branded Jackets: High-Impact Promotional Apparel
Custom jackets are premium promotional items with exceptional visibility and practical appeal. For businesses in Northern Ireland, where weather protection holds significant value year-round, branded jackets offer both utility and impressive brand exposure.
A well-designed custom jacket provides several marketing advantages:
- Large printing area for logos and messaging
- Extended product lifespan (typically 2-3 years of regular use)
- High perceived value that reflects positively on your brand
- Practical daily use that generates thousands of impressions
When selecting custom jackets for your promotional campaign, consider seasonal appropriateness—lightweight windbreakers for spring events or waterproof options for autumn and winter. Quality matters significantly; recipients will only wear comfortable, well-made jackets that they’re proud to be seen in.
Local businesses find custom jackets particularly effective at outdoor events, trade shows, and as premium rewards for valuable clients or top-performing staff. While the initial investment may be higher than for smaller promotional items, the cost per impression is often substantially lower due to the jacket’s longevity and visibility.
Drinkware: Daily Brand Exposure
Drinkware items offer frequent, daily brand exposure through practical use:
- Coffee Mugs: Office staples with excellent branding opportunities
- Water Bottles: Align with health and sustainability trends
- Travel Tumblers: Premium options with high perceived value
- Pint Glasses: Perfect for hospitality businesses and events
Quality matters significantly with drinkware—leaky bottles or poorly insulated mugs will quickly find their way to the bin rather than providing ongoing exposure. Northern Ireland businesses often find that quality drinkware with subtle branding has the best retention rates, particularly during the colder months when hot beverages are a daily essential.
Tech Accessories: Modern Utility
Tech accessories offer high perceived value and practical application in our digital world:
- USB Drives: Practical storage with repeated use
- Power Banks: High-value items with excellent branding options
- Phone Accessories: Stands, grips, and chargers with daily visibility
- Webcam Covers: Budget-friendly items with privacy benefits
These items are particularly relevant to Belfast’s growing technology sector. Tech accessories with genuine utility tend to have excellent retention rates, with power banks and quality USB drives often kept for years.
Office Supplies: Workplace Visibility
Office supplies provide consistent brand exposure in professional environments:
- Pens and Stationery: Budget-friendly classics that remain effective
- Notebooks and Journals: Higher-value items with extended use
- Desk Organisers: Practical items with continuous visibility
- Calendars and Planners: Seasonal items with year-long exposure
Even in increasingly digital workplaces, physical stationery maintains its value. Northern Ireland businesses often find that quality pens and professional notebooks are particularly well-received and retained by business clients.
Bags and Totes: Mobile Branding
Bags offer exceptional mobile visibility and practical functionality:
- Tote Bags: Eco-friendly options with excellent branding space
- Backpacks: Premium items with high perceived value
- Laptop Bags: Professional options for business audiences
- Shopping Bags: Practical items with frequent public exposure
In Northern Ireland, where carrier bag charges have been in place since 2013, branded reusable bags offer particular relevance and utility. Quality, durability, and thoughtful design are essential to ensure recipients use the bags rather than adding them to an existing collection.
Eco-Friendly Products: Sustainable Promotion
Sustainable promotional products align with growing environmental consciousness:
- Recycled Materials: Items produced from reclaimed materials
- Plantable Products: Seed paper and growing kits
- Reusable Alternatives: Replacements for single-use items
- Biodegradable Options: Products with minimal environmental impact
This category has seen significant growth in Northern Ireland, where environmental awareness continues to increase. Businesses that incorporate sustainability into their brand values find these products particularly effective at communicating those commitments.
Selecting the Right Category
When choosing between these categories, consider:
- Your Audience: Their demographics, preferences, and daily habits
- Usage Environment: Where and how the item will be used
- Brand Alignment: How well the product reflects your brand values
- Longevity: How long the item is likely to be kept and used
- Budget Reality: Cost relative to the expected exposure and impact
Different campaigns may call for other categories. Event-specific promotions might benefit from immediately valuable items like drinkware, while client appreciation gifts might warrant higher-value products like quality apparel or premium tech accessories.
Promotional Products for Northern Ireland Businesses
For businesses in Northern Ireland, promotional products offer unique advantages when tailored to the local market. With the distinctive business culture and community-oriented nature of the region, promotional items can:
- Build recognition within tight-knit business communities
- Stand out at regional trade shows and networking events
- Create connections with the local audience through regionally relevant designs
Belfast-based businesses have found particular success with practical, high-quality promotional items that address everyday needs. The preference for durability and functionality over flashy but impractical items aligns well with Northern Irish consumer attitudes.
Ciaran Connolly, Director of ProfileTree, notes: “Northern Ireland businesses achieve outstanding results with promotional products that offer genuine utility while maintaining quality. The local market responds particularly well to items demonstrating an understanding of regional preferences and needs.”
When implementing promotional strategies in Northern Ireland, consider:
- Seasonal timing – aligning product selection with the local events calendar
- Cultural relevance – incorporating regional themes when appropriate
- Sustainability concerns – the growing local interest in eco-friendly options
- Distribution strategies – leveraging regional business networks
How to Use Promotional Products Online
These days, there is more to offering promotional products than simply giving merch out on a street corner. Instead, there are many massive benefits to giving away promotional products online.
Essentially, this offers a handful of key benefits for brands:
- It’s easier to ask for something in return for your giveaways.
- You can target your giveaways more closely.
- You can use giveaways to grow your audience on various channels.
Promotional products can be used as lead magnets. This is when you give something to your customers in exchange for details that will help you sell to them, most often a mailing list signup.
Similarly, if you give items away through existing marketing channels, you’ll know your targets are closer to purchasing.
Finally, giveaways are an excellent way to grow your audience, especially on social media. Competition-style giveaways can be implemented to offer promotional products in exchange for social shares or referrals.
Digital Integration Strategies

Modern promotional product campaigns achieve maximum effectiveness by connecting physical items to digital experiences. This integration creates measurable touchpoints and extends campaign reach beyond the physical product.
Social Media Amplification
Promotional products can drive significant social engagement when campaigns encourage sharing and interaction.
- Photo Contests: Encourage recipients to share photos using promotional items with branded hashtags. This user-generated content extends campaign reach organically while creating authentic brand endorsements.
- Unique Hashtags: Create memorable, campaign-specific hashtags that facilitate tracking and community building. Successful hashtags are short, unforgettable, and relevant to your brand or campaign theme.
- Influencer Partnerships: Provide promotional products to relevant influencers who can showcase items to their audiences. This approach works particularly well for lifestyle products and consumer brands.
QR Codes and Digital Bridges
Modern promotional products often serve as gateways to digital experiences through integrated technology.
- Dynamic QR Codes: Unlike static codes, dynamic QR codes can be updated after printing, allowing you to modify destinations based on campaign performance or seasonal promotions.
- Custom Landing Pages: Create dedicated landing pages specifically for promotional product recipients. These pages should be mobile-optimised and feature clear calls-to-action aligned with campaign objectives.
- Exclusive Content Access: Use promotional products to gate valuable content like webinars, whitepapers, or exclusive videos. This approach transforms promotional items into lead generation tools.
- NFC Technology: Near-field communication tags provide seamless interaction through simple phone taps. While more expensive than QR codes, NFC creates premium experiences and eliminates scanning friction.
Email Marketing Synergy
Promotional products can enhance email marketing effectiveness through strategic integration.
- Follow-up Sequences: Send targeted email sequences to promotional product recipients, providing usage tips, related content, or special offers.
- Exclusive Digital Offers: Provide promotional product recipients with exclusive email offers or early access to new products and services.
- Feedback Collection: Use email follow-ups to gather feedback on promotional products and overall brand experience, improving future campaigns.
Promotional Products for Business Growth
Beyond basic brand awareness, promotional products can drive specific business outcomes when strategically implemented across different functions and customer journey stages.
Customer Retention Strategies
Promotional products excel at strengthening relationships with existing customers and improving retention rates.
- Seasonal Gifts: Strategic seasonal gifting demonstrates thoughtfulness and maintains brand visibility during key times. Winter items like branded blankets or warm accessories provide utility and emotional connection.
- Milestone Recognition: Acknowledge customer anniversaries, purchase milestones, or business achievements with thoughtful promotional gifts. These gestures strengthen relationships and encourage continued loyalty.
- Personalised Items: Products customised with customer names or preferences create stronger emotional connections and demonstrate individual value recognition.
- VIP Programs: Use premium promotional products as rewards for high-value customers or loyalty program participants, reinforcing their special status.
Lead Generation Integration
Modern promotional strategies transform giveaways into lead generation tools through strategic distribution and follow-up.
- Trade Show Strategy: Instead of distributing items randomly, require booth visitors to provide contact information or engage in meaningful conversations before receiving promotional products.
- Content Gating: Offer promotional products as incentives for downloading resources, attending webinars, or completing surveys. This approach captures qualified leads while providing tangible value.
- Referral Programs: Encourage existing customers to refer prospects by offering promotional products as referral rewards. This approach combines lead generation with customer appreciation.
Sales Team Motivation
Internal promotional product use can boost sales team performance and morale.
- Achievement Recognition: Reward sales milestones with high-quality branded apparel or premium gifts that employees proudly use and display.
- Team Building: Use matching promotional items to create team identity and unity, particularly effective for remote or distributed teams.
- Prospecting Tools: Provide sales teams with premium promotional products to use as conversation starters or leave-behind items during prospect meetings.
Integrating Promotional Products with Digital Marketing
While promotional products provide tangible brand experiences, their effectiveness multiplies when integrated with your digital marketing strategy. This integration creates a cohesive brand experience across both physical and digital touchpoints.
Social Media Amplification
Promotional products can drive social engagement when:
- Recipients are encouraged to share photos with their branded items
- Unique hashtags are created for specific promotional campaigns
- Giveaways are conducted through social platforms
QR Codes and Digital Bridges
Modern promotional products often serve as bridges to digital experiences:
- QR codes on promotional items can link to special offers or content
- NFC-enabled products can instantly connect users to your digital platforms
- Custom URLs or landing pages can track engagement from specific campaigns
Email Marketing Synergy
Promotional products can enhance email marketing through:
- Follow-up emails to recipients about how to use their promotional items
- Exclusive digital content access for those who received physical products
- Surveys to gather feedback on the usefulness of promotional items
ProfileTree can help businesses in Northern Ireland develop integrated campaigns that maximise the impact of promotional products and digital marketing efforts, creating seamless customer experiences across all touchpoints.
Promotional Products for Retention

As we’ve mentioned repeatedly throughout this article, promotional products are primarily used in marketing campaigns to enhance brand visibility, reinforce identity, create lasting impressions, and encourage customers to give back by purchasing or sharing.
That being said, promotional products can also retain customers and employees. Let’s see how this can happen.
Retaining Customers
Promotional products are a great way to strengthen relationships with existing customers and boost retention rates. Sending branded gifts, particularly thoughtful and timely items, can leave a lasting impression and reinforce customer loyalty. You can, for instance, send branded blankets during the winter season to provide a valuable gift and a personal touch that makes customers feel valued.
Such seasonal gestures can create a deeper emotional connection between your brand and customers, encouraging repeat business. Personalised items, such as products featuring the customer’s name or preferences, can enhance this sense of connection, turning one-time buyers into long-term advocates.
Motivating Sales Teams
Promotional products aren’t just for external audiences—they can also motivate and reward internal teams. Providing branded items as incentives for hitting sales milestones or achieving specific goals can inspire your sales team and boost morale.
For example, offering high-quality branded apparel like jackets or polo shirts when sales targets are met can create a sense of pride and accomplishment. These tangible rewards help reinforce the connection between effort and success, making employees feel appreciated. Promoting internal contests or challenges with desirable branded products as prizes can foster healthy competition and drive performance.
Tracking Conversions
Tracking the effectiveness of your promotional product campaigns is crucial to understanding their impact on your overall marketing strategy. One effective method is to use unique promo codes or QR codes on the promotional items, allowing you to measure conversions directly from the giveaways.
Say you offer discounts in exchange for sales lead data. This can help capture valuable information while driving purchases. This data can then be analysed to assess which products and campaigns generated the most interest, helping refine future efforts. By tying promotional products to specific offers, you can create a more targeted approach that boosts conversions and aligns with broader marketing goals.
Measuring ROI Effectively
Successful promotional product campaigns require systematic measurement and analysis to optimise performance and justify investment.
Key Performance Indicators
Effective measurement involves tracking multiple KPIs that align with campaign objectives.
- Brand Recall Metrics: Conduct surveys to measure brand recognition and recall before and after promotional product distribution. This baseline measurement helps quantify awareness impact.
- Lead Generation: Track inquiries, demo requests, and sales conversations that mention or reference promotional items. Use unique discount codes or landing pages to attribute conversions directly.
- Digital Engagement: Monitor QR code scans, landing page visits, and social media mentions generated by promotional products. These metrics provide immediate feedback on campaign performance.
- Cost Per Impression: Calculate the total cost per brand impression by dividing the total campaign cost by the estimated total impressions generated over the product’s useful lifetime.
- Customer Lifetime Value Impact: Analyse whether promotional product recipients demonstrate higher retention rates, larger purchase values, or increased referral activity compared to control groups.
Practical Measurement Methods
Implementing measurement systems before campaign launch ensures accurate data collection and analysis.
- Unique Tracking Codes: Use unique discount codes, QR codes, or custom URLs on promotional items to track engagement and conversions directly attributable to the campaign.
- Dedicated Landing Pages: Create campaign-specific landing pages that only promotional product recipients can access, enabling precise traffic and conversion tracking.
- Survey Integration: Include brief surveys with promotional product distribution to gather baseline data and recipient feedback for campaign optimisation.
- CRM Integration: Ensure promotional product recipients are tagged in your CRM system to track long-term engagement and purchase behaviour.
Northern Ireland Business Case Example
A Belfast-based software company distributed 200 branded power banks at a regional technology conference. Each power bank featured a QR code linking to a demonstration booking page.
Campaign Results:
- 140 QR code scans (70% engagement rate)
- 65 demonstration requests scheduled
- 18 sales conversions within 90 days
- £45,000 in new recurring revenue
ROI Calculation:
- Total campaign cost: £4,200 (including products, design, and landing page creation)
- Revenue generated: £45,000
- ROI: 971%
This example demonstrates the potential effectiveness of well-executed promotional product campaigns when integrated with clear objectives and measurement systems.
Attribution Challenges and Solutions
Promotional product attribution can be complex due to long sales cycles and multiple touchpoints. Address these challenges through:
- Multi-touch Attribution: Use marketing automation platforms to track promotional product recipients across multiple campaign touchpoints, providing more accurate conversion attribution.
- Control Groups: Maintain control groups that don’t receive promotional products to measure incremental impact and isolate promotional product effectiveness.
- Long-term Tracking: To capture full impact, particularly for complex B2B sales cycles, track promotional product recipients for extended periods (6-12 months).
Strategic Implementation Framework
Successful promotional product campaigns require systematic planning and execution across multiple phases.
Pre-Campaign Planning
- Objective Definition: Establish specific, measurable goals that align with broader marketing objectives. Avoid vague goals like “increase awareness” in favour of particular targets like “generate 50 qualified leads.”
- Audience Research: Conduct thorough research into target recipient preferences, daily challenges, and lifestyle needs. Survey existing customers or conduct focus groups to identify the most appealing product options.
- Budget Allocation: Develop comprehensive budgets that include product costs, customisation, shipping, digital infrastructure, and measurement tools. Allocate sufficient resources for quality products that recipients will use.
- Timeline Development: Create detailed project timelines for product procurement, customisation, quality control, and distribution logistics. Allow adequate time for each phase to avoid rushed execution.
Campaign Execution
- Quality Control: Implement rigorous processes to ensure promotional products meet brand standards and functional requirements. Poor quality items damage brand perception and campaign effectiveness.
- Distribution Strategy: Plan distribution methods that align with campaign objectives and audience preferences. Consider whether direct mail, event distribution, or sales team deployment best suits your goals.
- Digital Integration: Ensure all digital touchpoints are operational before product distribution—test QR codes, landing pages, and tracking systems to prevent technical failures during campaign execution.
- Staff Training: Train relevant staff members on campaign objectives, messaging, and distribution protocols to ensure consistent execution across all touchpoints.
Post-Campaign Analysis
- Performance Review: Analyse all campaign metrics against established objectives to determine success and identify improvement opportunities.
- Recipient Feedback: Gather feedback from promotional product recipients to understand their experience and preferences for future campaigns.
- Process Documentation: Document successful strategies and lessons learned to improve future promotional product campaigns.
- Continuous Optimisation: Use campaign insights to refine audience targeting, product selection, and integration strategies for subsequent campaigns.
Ciaran Connolly notes: “We’ve worked with hundreds of Northern Ireland businesses on integrated marketing campaigns, and the promotional products that deliver real ROI are those that solve genuine problems for recipients. A £15 quality power bank used daily will outperform fifty £1 pens in drawers. The key is treating promotional products as the start of a digital customer journey, not the endpoint.”
Future Trends in Promotional Products
The promotional products industry continues evolving through technological innovation and changing consumer preferences.
Technology Integration
- Augmented Reality: AR-enabled promotional products create immersive brand experiences through smartphone interactions, transforming physical items into interactive marketing tools.
- IoT Integration: Internet of Things capabilities in promotional products enable data collection, usage tracking, and personalised experiences based on user behaviour.
- Advanced Personalisation: Digital printing and manufacturing advances enable cost-effective personalisation at smaller quantities, creating more relevant and memorable promotional experiences.
Sustainability Focus
- Circular Economy Products: Promotional items designed for reuse, recycling, or composting align with growing environmental consciousness and regulatory requirements.
- Carbon Neutral Manufacturing: Suppliers increasingly offer carbon-neutral production options, appealing to environmentally conscious businesses and recipients.
- Local Sourcing: Emphasis on locally sourced and manufactured promotional products reduces environmental impact while supporting regional economies.
Experience-Based Promotions
- Service Integration: Promotional products increasingly connect to services or experiences rather than serving as standalone items, creating more valuable and memorable brand interactions.
- Community Building: Products that facilitate community interaction and shared experiences strengthen brand relationships and encourage ongoing engagement.
Conclusion
Promotional products are a powerful and versatile tool in any marketing strategy, offering a tangible way to connect with customers, enhance brand visibility, and foster long-term loyalty. By thoughtfully selecting and integrating these items into broader campaigns, businesses can create lasting impressions that resonate with their target audience.
Whether used to generate leads, reward customer loyalty, or increase brand recognition, promotional products provide a unique opportunity to reinforce your brand’s message in a way that digital advertising alone cannot achieve. With careful planning and execution, these products can significantly contribute to your overall marketing success.
FAQs
How do I choose the right promotional products for my business?
Product selection should align with your brand identity, audience preferences, and marketing objectives. Research your target recipients’ daily challenges and preferences, then select practical items that provide genuine utility. Consider quality over quantity—fewer high-quality items create better brand associations than many disposable products.
When should I use promotional products in my marketing?
Strategic timing maximises promotional product effectiveness. Align distribution with marketing campaigns, industry events, product launches, and seasonal opportunities. When planning distribution timing, consider the local business event calendar and seasonal needs in Northern Ireland.
How do I make promotional products cost-effective?
Focus on quality items that recipients will use and retain. Order in bulk to secure volume discounts, but balance quantity with relevance to avoid waste. Track engagement metrics to refine future strategies and improve cost-effectiveness. Consider partnering with local suppliers to reduce shipping costs.
Should I just give away cheap promotional items?
Quality significantly outweighs quantity in terms of promotional product effectiveness. Fewer well-made, valuable items create more positive brand associations than larger quantities of disposable products. This principle holds particularly true in Northern Ireland, where practical value and quality are highly regarded.
Transform Your Promotional Products into Lead Generation Machines
Don’t let your next promotional campaign become another box of forgotten branded pens. ProfileTree helps Northern Ireland businesses create effective promotional strategies, combining physical products with digital experiences that generate measurable leads and sales.
Ready to see the difference strategic integration makes?
Contact ProfileTree today for a free consultation. We’ll show you how to turn your promotional budget into a lead generation system through custom landing pages, SEO-optimised content, and comprehensive analytics.
Call 028 9568 0364 or email hello@profiletree.com to discuss your next campaign. Let’s make your promotional products work as hard as you do.
This is a great article! I definitely agree that promotional products can help you get your brand into the hands of more people, especially when you’re trying to build awareness for your business.
Amazing blog! Thanks for sharing.