In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, sustainability is no longer just a buzzword—it’s a core business imperative. Companies worldwide are increasingly aligning their operations with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a universal call to action that addresses global challenges such as poverty, inequality, and climate change.

However, integrating SDGs into business strategies goes beyond just making commitments. It requires a systematic approach to measuring the impact of these efforts. Without clear metrics and data, it becomes difficult for businesses to demonstrate their progress, track areas for improvement, and show stakeholders the tangible results of their sustainability initiatives. This is where measuring a company’s SDG impact becomes essential.

In this article, we’ll explore the best practices and tools for effectively measuring SDG impact. From identifying key metrics to utilising global frameworks, we’ll guide you through the process of tracking your company’s progress towards these goals. Are you ready to maximise both your business success and positive societal impact? 

Great! Let’s crack on!

Understanding SDGs and Their Relevance to Business

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with the aim of addressing the world’s most pressing challenges.

There are 17 SDGs in total, covering a broad range of issues, including social, economic, and environmental sustainability and each with specific targets to be achieved by 2030. These goals offer a framework for governments, organisations, and businesses to focus their efforts on creating a more sustainable, equitable, and prosperous world for all.

Some of the key goals include:

• No Poverty: Eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere.
• Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
• Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
• Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.
• Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
• Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all.
• Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
• Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
• Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable institutions.
• Partnerships for the Goals: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

Benefits of Integrating SDGs into Corporate Strategy

Integrating the SDGs into a company’s business strategy can lead to several key benefits, both in terms of corporate responsibility and long-term business performance.

First of all, companies that commit to and actively work towards the SDGs are increasingly seen as socially responsible and ethical, which can strengthen their reputation and differentiate them in the marketplace. Consumers and investors are becoming more conscious of sustainability, and businesses with strong SDG alignment are better positioned to attract these groups.

With increasing regulatory pressure around sustainability, many businesses that proactively align with the SDGs find that it helps them stay ahead of evolving compliance standards. This could include reporting on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria and ensuring business operations do not negatively impact human rights or the environment.

Besides, aligning with the SDGs can spur innovation and unlock new business opportunities, particularly in emerging markets where sustainable practices are in high demand. For example, the transition to clean energy (SDG 7) or sustainable agriculture (SDG 2) presents a significant market opportunity. Companies that are forward-thinking in this regard are more likely to experience sustained growth as global demand shifts toward sustainable products and services.

Let’s also not forget about the investors who are increasingly seeking companies that align with ESG principles, and many funds now include SDG performance as part of their investment criteria. Businesses that demonstrate measurable impact in advancing the SDGs are likely to attract more investment, including from institutional investors looking to support sustainable enterprises.

Last but not least, companies committing to the SDGs often see an improvement in employee morale and retention since employees become more likely to be engaged and motivated when they work for them. This can also enhance recruitment efforts, as younger generations, particularly Millennials and Gen Z, are increasingly seeking employers with strong sustainability values.

How Businesses Align with SDGs

Businesses play a critical role in achieving the SDGs, and they can align with these goals in a variety of ways.

For instance, companies can develop products and services that contribute directly to achieving SDGs. For instance, companies in the energy sector can focus on renewable energy solutions (SDG 7), while those in the food industry can prioritise sustainable sourcing and reducing food waste (SDG 12).

Aligning with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) can be achieved by implementing sustainable sourcing practices, reducing waste, and ensuring fair labour practices across their supply chains while promoting diversity and inclusion, offering fair wages, and supporting local communities through philanthropic initiatives enables companies to support SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality).

Likewise, companies in various sectors can take action to address SDG 13 (Climate Action) by reducing their carbon footprint, adopting energy-efficient technologies, and implementing sustainability-focused operational practices. On the other hand, partnering with other organisations, NGOs, and governments can collectively advance SDGs (SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals).

Key Metrics to Measure SDG Impact

To assess a company’s alignment with the SDGs, it’s essential to track both qualitative and quantitative metrics across financial, environmental, social, and governance dimensions. These key performance indicators (KPIs) provide tangible measures of how a business is progressing toward its sustainability and impact goals, offering valuable insights for decision-makers, stakeholders, and consumers.

Financial Metrics

A key financial metric for measuring SDG impact is the amount of capital a company dedicates to sustainable initiatives. These investments can include expenditures on green technologies (such as renewable energy infrastructure, energy-efficient equipment, or sustainable manufacturing processes), research and development (R&D) for innovative products that address environmental or social challenges, or compliance with environmental standards.

Tracking these investments is critical because they represent not only a company’s financial commitment to the SDGs but also its potential to generate long-term value through sustainable business practices.

For example, a company that allocates a portion of its budget to solar energy solutions or electric vehicle fleets is directly contributing to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Measuring the ROI of these investments can show the financial returns from adopting sustainable practices while also contributing to broader global goals.

Another financial metric is the revenue generated from sustainable products or services. This metric measures the financial success of a company’s sustainable offerings, such as eco-friendly products, services with a reduced environmental footprint, or innovations designed to tackle social issues. It’s a strong indicator of how well a company is positioning itself within the growing green economy.

Tracking the percentage of total revenue generated from these offerings helps determine the market demand for sustainable alternatives and aligns with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). It also reflects how well the company is tapping into new consumer trends that favour sustainability.

Environmental Metrics

Environmental impact metrics are critical to measuring the sustainability of business operations. The carbon footprint, which includes the amount of greenhouse gas emissions a company generates through activities like production, transportation, and energy use, is one of the most significant environmental metrics. Reducing carbon emissions contributes directly to SDG 13 (Climate Action).

Companies can measure their carbon footprint by tracking Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions (direct, indirect, and supply chain emissions), and work towards setting targets for reductions.

In addition to emissions, companies should track waste reduction efforts (e.g., recycling, waste-to-energy initiatives) and water usage to assess their environmental impact. Companies with a low carbon footprint, minimal waste production, and responsible water usage are likely to score better in terms of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

Resource efficiency is another critical environmental metric. It measures how effectively a company uses resources, such as energy and raw materials, to produce its goods and services. Companies that prioritise energy-efficient systems, renewable energy sources, and sustainable sourcing (e.g., using responsibly sourced materials or reducing dependence on non-renewable resources) help support SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

Measuring energy consumption, energy savings from efficient technologies, and the use of renewable resources can help businesses gauge their progress toward reducing their overall environmental impact. Businesses can track improvements over time and set reduction targets to continue improving their sustainability efforts.

Social Metrics

Social impact is a critical component of SDG measurement, and community engagement is an essential metric in this area.

Businesses can contribute to their communities through charitable donations, employee volunteer programmes, or partnerships with NGOs and local organisations. By tracking the value of donations, volunteer hours, and the scale of these initiatives, companies can gauge their contribution to SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).

Community engagement efforts also foster goodwill and can positively impact a company’s reputation. Tracking these efforts allows businesses to assess the breadth and depth of their involvement in local and global communities and their commitment to social well-being.

There are also employee welfare metrics which focus on how a company treats its workers and creates a positive, inclusive workplace environment. Tracking diversity and inclusion initiatives, workplace safety records, and fair wages are crucial for measuring a company’s impact on SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality).

Companies can track the percentage of women in leadership roles, employee satisfaction scores, safety incident rates, and the alignment of wages with industry standards. These metrics reflect a company’s commitment to fair labour practices, equal opportunities, and a safe working environment, which can improve employee engagement, reduce turnover, and enhance brand loyalty.

Governance Metrics

Strong governance is essential for measuring SDG impact, particularly in terms of ethical business practices and corporate transparency. Metrics for governance should include compliance with local and international regulations, adherence to anti-corruption policies, and the transparency of business operations. Businesses that adhere to ethical practices are less likely to be involved in scandals or legal issues, and they contribute to SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).

Governance metrics also include the company’s transparency in reporting sustainability performance, such as through annual sustainability reports, third-party audits, and public disclosures. By measuring these factors, businesses can showcase their commitment to ethical governance, which builds trust with consumers, investors, and other stakeholders.

Additionally, stakeholder engagement is vital for ensuring that businesses are meeting the needs of their customers, employees, investors, and the communities in which they operate. Metrics here include regular communication with stakeholders, collaboration with external partners (such as NGOs, government bodies, or industry peers), and feedback loops that drive continuous improvement.

Effective stakeholder engagement and collaboration contribute to SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), fostering long-term relationships that drive mutual benefits and amplify impact. Companies can measure stakeholder satisfaction, participation in sustainability initiatives, and the results of collaborative efforts to assess how well they are achieving their SDG goals through partnerships and engagement.

Tools and Frameworks to Measure SDG Impact

To effectively measure a company’s impact on the SDGs, businesses can rely on various tools and frameworks designed to track progress, provide clarity, and align operations with sustainable goals. These tools not only ensure compliance but also enhance transparency and help organisations showcase their commitment to sustainability to stakeholders.

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is one of the most widely used frameworks for sustainability reporting, providing comprehensive standards for reporting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. The GRI helps companies report on their contributions to sustainable development by using a set of metrics and guidelines that align with global frameworks, including the SDGs.

The GRI standards are particularly useful for businesses seeking to measure their impact on the SDGs. It allows companies to report on a broad range of sustainability indicators, such as emissions, labour practices, water usage, and community engagement, all of which are integral to the SDGs.

This framework also emphasises materiality, encouraging companies to focus on the most relevant issues for their business and stakeholders. This ensures that businesses are not just tracking generic sustainability metrics but those that truly reflect their environmental and social contributions.

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)

The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) provides a set of industry-specific standards for disclosing financial material sustainability information to investors. Focusing on how sustainability factors affect financial performance, the SASB framework is especially useful for companies looking to align their SDG efforts with investor expectations and long-term financial performance.

SASB standards cover a broad range of ESG topics, from carbon emissions to water usage to labor practices, helping companies understand and report on sustainability factors that have the potential to impact their financial outcomes. By adopting SASB standards, companies can better identify and measure risks and opportunities related to sustainability, providing investors with actionable information that links directly to business performance and strategy.

For businesses aiming to measure SDG impact, SASB is a valuable tool for understanding how their sustainability efforts translate into financial results. It ensures that businesses can track how sustainability initiatives not only contribute to SDGs but also improve overall business resilience and value creation.

B Impact Assessment (B Corp)

The B Impact Assessment is a tool provided by B Lab that measures a company’s overall social and environmental performance. The assessment evaluates business practices in areas such as governance, workers, community, environment, and customers, helping companies understand and improve their impact on society and the planet. Businesses that score highly in the B Impact Assessment are eligible to become Certified B Corporations (B Corps).

Becoming a B Corp signals to consumers, investors, and stakeholders that a company meets high standards of social and environmental performance, accountability, and transparency. B Corps are committed to balancing profit and purpose, making it a key driver for businesses looking to align with SDGs such as SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Compass

The SDG Compass is a tool developed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the UN Global Compact, and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) to help companies align their business strategies with the SDGs. The SDG Compass provides a step-by-step guide for companies to understand the SDGs, assess their impact, set goals, and report progress.

One of the key features of the SDG Compass is its focus on practical steps for businesses to integrate SDGs into their core operations and strategy. It helps companies identify which SDGs are most relevant to their business and stakeholders, set specific targets, and track performance. The SDG Compass also encourages businesses to engage with stakeholders and leverage partnerships, fostering collaboration to amplify the impact on global challenges.

For businesses serious about measuring and reporting their SDG impact, the SDG Compass is an invaluable resource. It not only helps companies understand their role in achieving the SDGs but also provides a clear roadmap for setting meaningful, measurable goals and demonstrating progress.

Techniques for Collecting Data

Accurate data collection is essential for businesses to measure their impact on the SDGs effectively. Various techniques can be used to gather relevant information and provide a clear picture of how business activities are contributing to the SDGs, ensuring transparency and informed decision-making.

Surveys and Stakeholder Feedback

One of the most effective techniques for gathering data on a company’s SDG impact is through surveys and stakeholder feedback. Surveys can be distributed to employees, customers, suppliers, and community members to gain insights into how the company’s practices are perceived and their impact on the environment and society. This data helps businesses understand the real-world effects of their sustainability initiatives and where they can improve.

For example, companies can use surveys to evaluate customer satisfaction with eco-friendly products, gather feedback on employee experiences with diversity and inclusion initiatives, or assess the social impact of community engagement programmes. Stakeholder feedback ensures that the company remains accountable to those affected by its operations, providing critical input for refining strategies and policies.

This approach also builds trust and fosters collaboration with key groups who have a vested interest in the company’s sustainable development efforts.

Internal Data Analysis

Internal data analysis is a powerful tool for tracking a company’s SDG performance. By analysing internal metrics such as energy consumption, employee retention, and resource efficiency, businesses can gauge their direct impact on key sustainability goals. 

For instance, energy consumption data helps companies assess their contribution to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), while employee retention and diversity metrics support SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality).

Tracking and analysing internal data allows companies to spot trends, identify inefficiencies, and highlight areas where they can make improvements. Companies can measure their reduction in waste, carbon emissions, or water usage by comparing internal data year-over-year.

Additionally, assessing employee welfare metrics, such as engagement levels and workplace safety, is essential for understanding the company’s role in fostering a positive work environment, which is integral to several SDGs.

Partnering with Third-Party Organisations for Verification

To ensure the credibility and accuracy of their SDG impact measurement, companies can partner with third-party organisations for verification. These independent bodies provide external validation of the data and performance reported by businesses, ensuring that claims of sustainability and SDG alignment are truthful and not overstated.

Third-party organisations such as auditors, certifying bodies (e.g., B Corp, ISO), and consulting firms specialising in sustainability assessments can offer expert analysis and confirmation of SDG-related data.

Partnering with third parties also provides businesses with guidance on best practices and areas for improvement. For instance, an environmental audit conducted by an external agency can highlight areas where the company can reduce waste or improve energy efficiency, leading to more actionable insights that drive SDG-related improvements.

Additionally, third-party verification enhances trust among stakeholders, such as investors, customers, and regulatory bodies, who rely on unbiased and credible information to assess the company’s sustainability efforts.

Reporting and Communicating Your SDG Impact

Effective reporting and communication are crucial for businesses aiming to showcase their SDG impact. Transparency in how progress is measured and communicated not only builds trust with stakeholders but also demonstrates the company’s commitment to sustainability.

Companies that effectively report on their SDG efforts are seen as responsible corporate citizens and often inspire others to follow suit.

Best Practices for Transparency in Reporting

One of the best ways for companies to report their SDG impact is through annual sustainability reports. These reports should provide a detailed overview of the company’s goals, the progress made toward achieving them, and how the company’s activities align with the SDGs.

The report should be structured in a way that is both informative and easily digestible, offering both qualitative and quantitative data. This transparency builds credibility and demonstrates a company’s commitment to its SDG responsibilities.

A key aspect of best practices in reporting is ensuring that the information provided is consistent and timely. This helps stakeholders track progress over time and ensures that companies remain accountable for their promises. Using globally recognised frameworks like GRI, SASB, or the SDG Compass is essential in making sure that companies follow industry standards for reporting and communicating their impact, increasing trust among investors, consumers, and regulators.

Additionally, third-party audits and independent assessments can help verify the accuracy of reported data, further bolstering the transparency and credibility of the company’s SDG impact.

Visualising Data for Easy Understanding

To make the SDG data more accessible and engaging, businesses should focus on visualising data. Charts, infographics, and interactive dashboards are effective tools for presenting sustainability metrics and SDG performance. These visual tools make it easier for stakeholders to quickly grasp the company’s progress and understand the data, even if they lack a deep technical background in sustainability.

For example, a company can use pie charts to show the breakdown of its energy use by source (renewable vs. non-renewable) or use infographics to illustrate its water conservation efforts and waste reduction strategies. Interactive dashboards that allow users to filter data by region, time frame, or specific SDG can also provide a more dynamic and user-friendly experience.

Challenges and Pitfalls in Measuring SDG Impact

While measuring SDG impact is essential for businesses, there are several challenges and pitfalls that can hinder progress. These issues can complicate the measurement process, leading to inaccurate reporting or failure to capture the full extent of a company’s sustainability efforts. Understanding these challenges can help businesses devise strategies to overcome them and ensure accurate, meaningful impact reporting.

Data Accuracy and Consistency Challenges

One of the primary challenges in measuring SDG impact is ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the data collected. This can be difficult due to the complexity of tracking sustainability metrics across diverse operational areas, regions, and supply chains.

For example, while a company may track its carbon emissions accurately in one region, gathering consistent data from multiple international locations, each with different reporting standards, can pose significant challenges. Similarly, data from different departments (e.g., finance, human resources, operations) might not align in terms of format, measurement, or frequency, making it hard to consolidate and analyse.

Besides, businesses may rely on third-party sources, such as suppliers, for environmental or social data, but the reliability of this external data may vary. Ensuring that all data is accurate, verified, and consistent is crucial for a reliable SDG impact assessment. Failure to do so can undermine the credibility of sustainability claims, eroding trust among stakeholders.

To address these challenges, businesses should implement standardised data collection processes across all departments and regions and consider leveraging digital tools or platforms that ensure data consistency. Regular audits and third-party verifications can also help maintain data accuracy.

Complexity in Tracking Long-Term Impacts

Another major challenge in measuring SDG impact is the complexity of tracking long-term impacts. Many SDG-related outcomes, such as environmental improvements or social benefits, may not be immediately visible and could take years to fully manifest. For example, a company’s efforts to reduce its carbon emissions or improve employee well-being might not show tangible results for several years, which makes it difficult to attribute specific outcomes to individual actions.

Moreover, some impacts may be indirect or systemic, involving a wide range of variables that are outside the company’s direct control. For instance, a business’s efforts to improve community education (SDG 4) may not result in immediate changes to local literacy rates but could still contribute to broader social development in the long term. 

To overcome this challenge, businesses can use a combination of short-term metrics and long-term impact assessments, focusing on interim milestones and regular updates. Longitudinal studies, coupled with predictive modelling, can also help track progress over time and highlight the broader trends that contribute to long-term SDG goals.

Balancing Ambition with Achievable Goals

A common pitfall businesses face is setting overly ambitious goals without considering the feasibility of achieving them within the set timeframe.

While it’s important to aim high in order to drive progress, businesses must strike a balance between ambition and achievability. Setting too many lofty SDG targets can lead to burnout, resource strain, and disillusionment among employees and stakeholders when progress isn’t seen quickly enough.

For example, a company might commit to becoming carbon neutral within a very short period, but without the infrastructure, resources, or technology in place, such an ambitious goal can be difficult to meet.

On the other hand, setting goals that are too modest may not contribute significantly to SDG progress and could fail to inspire meaningful change within the organisation.

Businesses should adopt a more incremental approach, breaking down large goals into smaller, measurable targets. This ensures that progress can be tracked and celebrated at regular intervals, which keeps momentum high. It’s also critical to ensure that the goals are aligned with available resources, market conditions, and the company’s long-term strategy to avoid frustration and missed expectations.

Conclusion

Measuring and tracking your company’s SDG impact is crucial for creating long-term value for both the business and society. By aligning your strategy with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it’s essential to adopt the right metrics across financial, environmental, social, and governance areas.

While challenges like data accuracy, long-term impact tracking, and balancing ambitious goals with achievable targets can arise, these can be overcome with structured data collection and the use of relevant reporting tools.

By effectively measuring and communicating your SDG impact, your company not only contributes to global sustainability efforts but also enhances its reputation, compliance, and long-term growth. Staying transparent, setting realistic goals, and adapting as you progress ensures that your company remains committed to sustainable success, ultimately contributing to a more responsible and resilient future.